EU Eastern Dimension


Ennesimo litigio tra Mosca e Minsk con l’Europa a farne le spese. Chi tra i due contendenti abbia ora ragione non è facile stabilirlo. Gli uni pretendono il pagamento del gas consumato, gli altri quello dei diritti di transito.

 Per ragioni politiche e geostrategiche, per oltre un decennio, il prezzo degli approvvigionamenti energetici russi a Minsk è stato di favore, quasi quello che pagano le regioni della Federazione. Su questo vantaggio non da poco, il presidente Lukashenko è riuscito ad evitare il crollo industriale-economico degli anni Novanta in Bielorussia e a dare stabilità al suo Paese.

 Le cose sono cambiate dopo la “rivoluzione arancione” pro-occidentale in Ucraina nel 2004. Il Cremlino, attraverso la Gazprom, è passato all’incasso, provocando la rabbia di Lukashenko, che l’amministrazione Bush ha definito “l’ultimo dittatore” d’Europa. In sintesi, non più rapporti alla sovietica, quasi completamente basati sul barter, ma contatti pagati con soldi sonanti a prezzi di mercato o quasi.

 La Bielorussia vive un momento particolare: il prossimo anno sono previste le elezioni presidenziali e l’economia ha subito i colpi della recessione internazionale. Lukashenko aveva chiesto di saldare alcuni pagamenti in macchinari, ma il collega Medvedev gli ha risposto pubblicamente in maniera considerata da Minsk sprezzante. “Scusate – ha evidenziato il leader bielorusso -, ma quando iniziano ad umiliarci noi ci offendiamo. Così non si deve permettere di comportarsi un presidente di un Paese amico, un presidente che dirige in pratica lo stesso popolo”.

 Quindi se la Gazprom ha tagliato i rifornimenti del 30% fino all’85% del gas consegnato, Minsk ha colpito il “tallone d’Achille” russo, ossia ha sospeso il passaggio di gas russo verso ovest. Sul suo territorio transita, però, in realtà solo il 20% circa del totale degli approvvigionamenti al Vecchio Continente. E poiché uno dei due gasdotti, Jamal-Europa,  è controllato dai russi la decisione di Minsk riguarda solo il 6,25% dei volumi totali all’Ue. I disagi saranno, perciò, minimi. Lukashenko ha un’arma spuntata, ma può dar fastidio lo stesso oggi. Sa perfettamente che i russi stanno costruendo un gasdotto sotto al Baltico insieme ai tedeschi, il Nord Stream, che verrà terminato nel 2011. La Bielorussia vedrà così la sua rilevanza strategica ridursi.

 L’anno scorso i due Paesi fratelli si affrontarono nella guerra del petrolio con relativo blocco di oleodotti. Il contendere era il privilegio dei bielorussi di rivendere il greggio russo sul mercato internazionale senza pagare dazi a Mosca. Minsk, alla, fine fu costretta a cedere.

 Ma gli screzi e le querelle non finiscono qui. Lukashenko è irritato dalla posizione egemone del Cremlino nella neo-nata Unione doganale (Russia, Bielorussia, Kazakhstan). Non gli è chiaro quali imposte verranno cancellate e a chi. Indirettamente si è reso conto che, dopo 16 anni di presidenza, Mosca lo vuole probabilmente scaricare se troverà un altro leader di sua fiducia. Al duo Medvedev-Putin non è piaciuto la concessione dell’asilo politico all’ex capo di Stato kirghiso Bakiev.

 L’Unione europea si trova, pertanto, coinvolta in uno scontro altrui. Dare forza al suo programma “Partnership orientale” con Minsk sarà in futuro probabilmente l’unico modo per evitare sgradevoli sorprese.


63-летний главный редактор крупнейшей польской “Газеты выборчей” Адам Михник:  

«В российско-польских отношениях нет симметрии. Россия — великая держава. Польша — страна среднего масштаба в Евросоюзе. Все зависит от того, какие тенденции возобладают в Кремле».

«Партия братьев Качиньских до сих пор была партией национального страха, национального комплекса неполноценности, национальной угрозы. Их идеология сводилась к тому, что все против нас: и русские, и немцы».

«Коморовский? Он консерватор. Либеральный. Католик. Демократ. Ответственный. Стабильный. Нормальный. Но, хотя я буду за него голосовать, он не герой моего романа».

 «Лично мне никакое примирение с Россией не нужно. Я всю жизнь считал себя антисоветским русофилом».

«В Польше уже нет истерического отношения к вашей стране. Но кое-что осталось в нашей подкорке. И если такие настроения целенаправленно подогревать, то все это можно разбудить снова — как, кстати, и антисемитизм, и германофобию. Нынешняя Польша — страна успеха»

«С моей точки зрения, присвоение Степану Бандере звания Героя Украины — огромная ошибка Ющенко». Однако «…героизация Бандеры — это не символ возврата нацизма. Это символ поиска Украиной своей национальной идентичности».

«Реальный вызов для России — это не Польша, не Америка и не Западная Европа. Западная цивилизация — это, напротив, ваш натуральный союзник. Ислам и Китай — вот в чем сегодня заключается реальный вызов для России».

Статья Михаил Ростовский Московский Комсомолец № 25378. 

Mikhail Rostovsky Moskovskij Komsomolets


While the country is far from being a democracy, its cultural scene is beginning to instigate change.

Article – Deutsche Welle.


После нескольких лет железнодорожной блокады, представители российских, украинских и молдавских железных дорог подписали протокол о намерениях, согласно которому было возобновлено движение этих пассажирских поездов через Тирасполь.

 Статья – «Новый Регион»


 At the summit held in the Russian city of Rostov-on-Don Presidents Medvedev and Van Rompuy signed a joint declaration on the modernization partnership, which is supposed to give Russia easier access to Western know-how and technology while committing the country to more democratic reforms and fighting corruption.

 The EU leader cautioned that the program needed political will from Moscow to succeed. “For the partnership to become successful, the Russian modernization needs to become a reality and it needs to follow certain patterns to avoid protectionism,” he said,

 Mr Medvedev took the opportunity to push for progress on Russia’s accession to the World Trade Organisation. Negotiations for Russian accession have been ongoing for 16 years, and it remains the only G20 country outside the grouping. The customs union between Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus which came into effect earlier this year has threatened to further stall progress, although the USA has indicated that it is willing to push Russia’s application through.

 The summit failed to yield progress on visa-free travel. EU officials dashed Kremlin hopes that a roadmap toward visa-free travel could be forged soon. In a surprising move, Moscow submitted its own framework convention for future visa-free travel between Russia and the EU-dominated Schengen zone. Russia is keen to attract skilled workers for key modernisation projects such as the new Skolkovo business park, under construction near Moscow.

Statement – EU Press release.


The EU does not forget Ukraine. In the same time as Russian President Medvedev was on an official visit to Kiev the European Parliament has approved a EUR 500 million loan to Ukraine to help it overcome the financial crisis.

 The European Parliament speaker Jerzy Buzek welcomed the decision of the European Parliament to support Ukraine through a loan facility and declare Ukraine a close strategic partner of the European Union.
 ”The assistance is provided at a time when the EU is helping to mobilize financing to support the reform of the Ukrainian energy sector, including developing a sustainable solution to Ukraine’s medium-term gas transit and gas payment obligations,” Buzek said.
 ”Nevertheless, EU macro-financial assistance can only contribute to economic stabilization if the main political forces in Ukraine ensure political stability and establish broad consensus on the rigorous implementation of the necessary structural reforms,” he added.

 At the end of April the European Commission gave to Kiev a list of 18 reforms, implementation of which will provide an opportunity to attract additional financial assistance to Ukraine from the EU. The document contains specific activities and possible EU assistance in response to their implementation. The list includes political reforms to ensure macro-financial stability, business climate, energy sector reform, civil aviation and the environment.

 Ukrainian President Yanukovich is also hoping to secure a new $19bn credit programme from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) for its struggling economy after ramming through Rada a 2010 budget with a relatively tight deficit target of 5.3 per cent of GDP.

Russia, as a participant in the G20 and the G8, is ready, as a partner, to advance all issues relating to Ukraine, including International Monetary Fund and World Bank support,” president Medvedev said during his visit.

 Russia has stepped pressure on Kiev. The Kremlin is ready to fund a complete overhaul of Ukraine’s gas network if it agreed to the merger between Ukraine’s energy holding Naftogas and Russia’s state gas giant Gazprom. “If the two companies merge, Gazprom can rely on its financial resources to fully modernise Ukraine’s gas transportation system,” said Alexei Miller, the head of Gazprom.

Yanukovich has suggested the European Union should be involved in any talk of a merger. The Ukrainian leader is for the creation of a consortium involving the EU as well as Russia to modernise the ageing pipelines. Energy minister Yuri Boiko said that gas transportation system needs $ 600 million in 2010. The complete modernisation will cost about $ 3bn.

Statement – EU Parliament May 18th, 2010.

 


Выделены финансовые средства для реализации различных проектов в странах-участницах, разработаны соглашения о свободной торговле в форматах соглашений об ассоциации.

 ЕС обсуждает варианты новых схем сотрудничества с СНГ. В отдаленной перспективе все это должно привести к интеграции ЕС и стран СНГ на большом евразийском пространстве

  Статья  – Независимая Газета 14.05.2010


Экономический кризис и конфликты с руководством России никак не отразились на популярности белорусского президента. В родной Беларуси Лукашенко продолжает пользоваться неизменной поддержкой населения.

Статья – БДГ Деловая Газета – Минск


The West and Russia.

Key excerpts from the interview.

“Everyone is waiting for next year’s presidential elections… West has halted all movement and is waiting for them… We expected more…The West doesn’t like our course and doesn’t like the current president — that’s all there is to it. Let’s be honest. But the president is elected by the people, not by the West. The sooner the West understands that, the faster we will build normal relations”.

“…recently the Russian leadership has wanted to build absolutely pragmatic relations with Belarus…Unilateral pragmatism, introducing duties on oil and oil products for one member of the Customs Union, Belarus, and not for another, Kazakhstan, smells like corruption at a minimum…”

Interview by Reuters May 4th, 2010


“The demographic situation is one of the most acute in Moldova but in order to improve the situation, it is necessary to take a number of urgent measures, including the promotion of the National strategy in the field of the national security, fulfillment of the Action Plan on the Employment of Labor Force, control of migration processes”, Deputy Prime Minister Ion Negrei said.

 Russia remains attractive for the residents of Moldova and Transnistria, as the region for realizing their labor and professional capacities.  Each fifth respondent in Moldova and each fourth in Transnistria under 24 years of a survey estimated their desire to study in the Russian Federation as the threshold of their future work in Russia.

ArticleArticle 2 – Totul – Moldova


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